Women in History - Jane Addams Biography

About Jane Addams

Born in 1860 in Cedarville, Illinois, and passing away in 1935, Jane Addams stood as a beacon of progress and compassion in American history. Best known for founding the Settlement House Movement and as the first American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize, Addams’s legacy extends far beyond these accomplishments.

Early Life and Education

The eighth of nine children, Jane Addams was born into a prosperous family. Her mother died when she was two, and her father later remarried, bringing two stepbrothers into an already large family. Jane’s father, a man of philanthropy and strong work ethic, greatly influenced her upbringing and instilled in her the values of tolerance and charity. Despite societal expectations of the time, he encouraged Jane to pursue a higher education at the Rockford Seminary for Young Ladies, where she developed her leadership skills.

Tensions and Travels

Determined to study medicine after her graduation, Jane’s ambitions conflicted with the conventions of the era. However, a period of illness and a life-changing tour of Europe would redirect her path. Witnessing the workings of Toynbee Hall, a settlement house in the slums of London, stirred a newfound passion for social work, though it would take time for this calling to fully take root.

Hull House and Social Reform

In 1889, alongside her friend Ellen Starr, Jane Addams founded Hull House in the impoverished neighborhoods of Chicago. What began as a resource for immigrants and the poor expanded into a hub for labor reform and societal change. She was relentless in advocating for labor rights, children’s protection laws, and women’s suffrage — becoming a leading figure in both the suffrage movement and the establishment of the NAACP. Her unwavering commitment to social justice reformed the juvenile justice system and labor laws, and championed the recognition of unions and industrial safety.

Controversy and Advocacy

While her work earned her praise and philanthropic support, it also sparked controversy. Her pacifism during World War I and her outspokenness on social issues led to widespread criticism, loss of donors, and expulsion from the Daughters of the American Revolution. Nonetheless, Addams persevered, founding the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and influencing policies during the Roosevelt administration. As her health declined, the world honored her efforts, culminating in her receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Legacy and Final Years

Jane Addams passed away in 1935, but not without leaving an indelible mark on society. Her funeral drew thousands to Hull House, reflecting the impact of her life's work. As one of the most revered women in history, her advocacy and reforms continue to inspire generations in the pursuit of equity and peace.

A Lasting Quote

"I do not believe that women are better than men. We have not wrecked railroads, nor corrupted legislature, nor done many unholy things that men have done; but then we must remember that we have not had the chance." - Jane Addams